NAXFRA MIXED EDUCATION ENRICHMENT (N.M.E.E).

Abstract Alfred Wegener was an accomplished German natural scientist in the fields of meteorology, astronomy, and geology. He was also a skilled balloonist and participated in three scientific expeditions to Greenland. His primary research interest was in the relatively new field of meteorology. He held several academic or research positions in Germany before taking the Chair of meteorology and geophysics at the University of Graz in Austria in 1924. Wegener's most notable scientific contribution was a unified theory for the origin of continents. His mobilist idea of drifting continents contrasted sharply with the contemporary view of fixed continents and a rigid, shrinking Earth. Wegener first presented his theory of continental drift in 1912 at a meeting of the German Geological Association. In 1915, he published his evidence and conclusions in a now-classic book,  Die entstehung der kontinente und ozeane  (The origin of continents and oceans). Wegener proposed that all

EARTH ALBEDO The earth albedo involves scatting, reflection and absorption of solar energy. Definition; Earth albedo is the capacity of a surface to reflect the solar radiation/energy. Albedo is the ratio between incoming radiation and the amount reflected back into space expressed in percentage. In other words, albedo can be expressed as the ratio between the total solar energy (radiation) filling upon a surface and the amount reflected expresses as a decimal or percentage. For example the earth’s average albedo (including also albedo of the clouds) is about 0.4% (0.4% i.e. 4/10 of solar radiation is reflected into space). Therefore; temperature is markedly higher for a place with low albedo than of the place with high albedo. Land and water surface ferexample have quite different characteristics. Water has tendency to store heat that it receives while the land quickly returns (reflects) it to the atmosphere. On the other hand this experience, land has greater albedo or