GAN TT FRANK'S CONTRIBUTION IN MANAGENT
Henry Lawrence Gantt: (USA, 1861 – 1919):
H.L Gantt was
born in 1861. He graduated from John Hopkins College. For some time, he worked
as a draftsman in an iron foundry. In 1884, he qualified as a mechanical
engineer at Stevens Institute. In 1887, he joined the Midvale Steel Company.
Soon, he became an assistant to F.W Taylor. He worked with Taylor from 1887 -
1919 at Midvale Steel Company. He did much consulting work on scientific selection of workers and the development of
incentive bonus systems. He emphasized the
need for developing a mutuality of interest between management and labor. Gantt
made four important contributions to the concepts of management:
1.Gantt chart
to compare actual to planned performance. Gantt chart was a daily chart which
graphically presented the process of work by showing machine operations, man hour
performance, deliveries, effected and the work in arrears. This chart was
intended to facilitate day-to-day production planning.
2.Task-and-bonus
plan for remunerating workers indicating a more humanitarian approach. This plan was aimed at
providing extra wages for extra work besides guarantee of minimum wages. Under
this system of wage payment, if a worker completes the work laid out for him,
he is paid a definite bonus in addition to his daily minimum wages. On the
other hand, if a worker does not complete his work, he is paid only his daily
minimum wages. There was a provision for giving bonus to supervisors, if
workers under him were able to earn such bonus by extra work.
3.Psychology of
employee relations indicating management responsibility to teach and train workers. In his paper "Training Workmen in
Habits of Industry and Cooperation",
Gantt pleaded for a policy of preaching and teaching workmen to do their work
in the process evolved through pre-thinking of management.
4.Gantt laid
great emphasis on leadership. He considered management as leadership function. He laid stress on the
importance of acceptable leadership as the primary element in the success of
any business. Gantt’s contributions were more in the nature of refinements
rather than fundamental concepts. They made scientific management more
humanized and meaningful to devotees of Taylor
Frank :(USA, 1867 - 1924) and Lillian (U.S.A, 1878 - 1912): The
ideas of Taylor were also strongly
supported and developed by the famous husband and wife team of Frank and
Lillian Gilbreth. They became interested in wasted motions in work. After
meeting Taylor, they combined their ideas with Taylor's to put scientific management
into effect. They made pioneering effort in the field of motion study and laid
the entire foundation of our modern applications of job simplification,
meaningful work standards and incentive wage plans. Mrs. Gilbreth had a unique
background in psychology and management and the couple could embark on a quest
for better work methods. Frank Gilbreth is regarded as the father of
motion study. He is responsible for inculcating in the minds of managers the
questioning frame of mind and the search for a better way of doing things. Gilbreth's contributions to management thought are quite considerable.
His main contributions are:
(a)The one best
way of doing a job is the way which involves the fewest motions performed in an accessible area and
in the most comfortable position. The best way can be found out by the
elimination of inefficient and wasteful motions involved in the work.
(b)He
emphasized that training should be given to workers from the very beginning so that they may achieve competence as
early as possible.
(c)He suggested
that each worker should be considered to occupy three positions –
(i) The job he held before promotion to
his present position,
(ii) His
present position, and
(iii) The next
higher position. The part of a worker's time should
be spent in teaching
the man below him and learning from the man above him. This would help him qualify
for promotion and help to provide a successor to his current job.
(d)Frank and
Lillian Gilberth also gave a thought to the welfare of the individuals who work for the organization.
(e)Gilbreth
also devised methods for avoiding wasteful and unproductive movements. He laid down how workers should
stand, how his hands should move and so on
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