INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES



Human Activity defined as to what people do or cause to happen in order to achieve a certain goal in life. It is the act or process of producing certain things intended by people in a certain place, which can be a country, region, district or a village. It is also defined as the function or tasks or works curried out or done by human being over time for achieving certain purposes.

There are two forms of human activities:  1. Social human activities: Includes, human population and human settlement. 2. Economic human activities: Includes agriculture, tourism, energy and power, trade, transport and communication, mining, fishing among others.

Types of Human Activities:
In geography, there are four or five types of human activities as respectively grouped into the following ways:
(a) Five types of human Activities:
1.   Primary activities.
2.   Secondary activities.
3.   Tertiary activities.
4.   Quaternary activities.
5.   Quinary activities.

(b) Four types of human activities (i.e. quinary activities are the party of quaternary activities):


1.      Primary activities.
2.      Secondary activities.
3.      Tertiary activities.
4.      Quaternary activities.



General Types of Human Activities:
1. Primary human activities: These are human activities that involve extracting raw materials directly from the Earth. Good example is; farming (agriculture), mining, fishing among others.

2. Secondary human activities: These are human activities that involve processing and manufacturing of raw materials into useful products. For example; processing and making iron from ore, coffee pulping and sisal decortications, house making and construction to mention a few. Secondary activities they promote for the development of priming human activities. 

3. Tertiary human activities: These are the activities that involve the provision of services that are needed in the society. Example of services are; trade, tourism, education, hospital, transportation, Mechanics, banking, entertainment, advertising, legal seizes in courts, regions service (clerical services).

4. Quaternary human activities: Are the activities that involve the provision of intellectual services in courts, religions and information. They include high tech industries with information technology, scientific research, library services, and computer based activities like making software.

In short, quaternary activities are considered to be new started in the last three decades.

5. Quinary human activities: These are activities that done by executives or officials in fields under governments. They involve the highest level of decision making in society or economy.

Note: Quaternary and quinary are branches of the tertiary activities except that there are highly specialized activities that demand a lot intellectual inputs. Therefore, quaternary and quandary activities facilitate the primary and tertiary activities.

Economic Importance of Human Activities
The following below are some of the importance of human activities:
  1. They facilitate development of manufacturing industries e.g. cultivation of cotton can lead to the development of textile industry.
  2. Helps in creating employment in the country
  3. Helps to abundant supply of food in the country e.g. agriculture, fishing and hunting
  4. Activities like construction of roads contribute to the development of transport and communication network.
  5. Recreational activities turn and bring foreign currency.

Environmental Problems Caused by Human Activities
The environmental problems caused by human activities are some of the following:
  1. Pollution.


a)      Air pollution.
b)      Water pollution.
c)      Soil/land pollution.
d)     Noise pollution.


  1. Deforestation.
  2. Soil erosion.
  3. Environmental degradation (environmental destruction)
Solutions (Measures Addressing) for Environmental Problems Caused by Human Activities
The following are some of the measures should be undertaken so as to reduce or avoid or address the problems caused by human activities:

  1. Proper use of methods of agriculture that involve environmental conservation.
  2. Planting trees through afforestation and reafforestation where human activities are undertaken.
  3. Provision of mass education that promote environmental protection.
  4. Government should formulate policies and rules so as to rescue the environment.
  5. Terracing the land, in order to reduce soil erosion that caused by water movements.
  6. Destocking (reducing the number of livestock).
TRIAL QUESTIONS

  1. Give the meaning of human activities.
  2. With examples define the following terms:

(1)   Primary human activities.
(2)   Secondary human activities.
(3)   Tertiary human activities.
(4)   Quaternary human activities.
(5)   Quinary human activities.

  1. Explain the importance of human activities.
  2. Mention five human economic activities.
  3. Mention four environmental problems that can be caused by human activities.
  4. Suggest ways of solving or avoiding environmental problems that caused by human activities.
  5. Name the human activities carried out around your school or home. How important is each of the human activities you have mentioned to your community?  

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