MANAGEMENT

1.     Principle of management
Á       Principle of management involves the followings;
Á       Principle of sharing,
Á       Principle of freedom,
Á       Principle of equity,
Á       Principle of cooperation,
Á       Principle of justice,
Á       Principle of planning,
Á       Principle of research,
Á       Principle of evaluation
Á       Principle of flexibility,
Á       Principle of leadership,
Á       Principle of democracy,
Á       Principle of decisions making

2.     Qualities of good leaders (leadership ethics)
      should have good Physical appearance,
      should have vision and foresight,
       should have intelligence,
      Have to be incompetent in communication skills,
      Should be objective,
      should have knowledge of work,
      should have sense of responsibility,
      should have self-confidence and will power,
      should be humanistic, empathy (stepping into the shoes of others),
      should have dignity and respectfulness,
      should be serving others,
      should have justice,
      have to be honesty,
      Should involve in Community building.

3.     Style of leadership management
à   Management by objective (MBO). It is participatory management of leadership in decision making.  democratic (decision are made after serious agreement)
à   Management by walking around (MBWA). Goes with the visit of various place
à   Management by exception (MBE).  Involves by delegation of authority. To assign responsibilities to other subordinates. Work well in hand of empowered values. Show trust and confidence on the one delegated to a task.
à   Laiessez-faire. Allow or give chances to the workers to work by themselves. People who given freedom must be mature enough, competent and have experience. Allow innovation and hard work. Cause laziness and chaos if everyone do what is easy to do

4.     Qualities of good leader/manager in management
À      Lead by example and good role model
À      Focus on results and deliver tangible outcomes
À      Communicate effectively
À      Delegate power to subordinates and empower
À      Fair and impartial (avoid personal feeling) in handling issues
À      Build stem of spirit and encourage team work cross the humanity
À      Have vision and foreside
À      Motivate and inspire and boost the morale of people and followers
À      Proactive (all initiatives) under pressure and not reactive (interfere the issue)
pay attention to the staff and development of the staff

5.     How managers Leaders  extend their control over the subordinates to decision making
¡       Divide and rule. making subordinates not speak the same
¡       Cooptation. Involve some group in decision process in two ways; i.e. who support and opponents (who are very talkative)
¡       Displacement. To bring something new in order to destroy the agenda present things

¡       Controlling information. Holding information to the subordinates

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